药理学（南开大学） 知到智慧树答案2024 z43605

第一章 单元测试

1、

Which of the following drugs is an inducer of CYP1A2 (    )

A:Tobacco 
B:Ciprofloxacin
C:Fluconazole
D:Simvastatin
答案:
Tobacco 

2、

The process of renal excretion of drugs does not include which of the following options (    )

A:Glomerular filtration 
B:Hepatoenteric circulation
C:Active secretion of renal tubules
D:passive tubule reabsorption
答案:
Hepatoenteric circulation

3、

Which of the following statements is false (    )

A:Tmax refers to the time that takes a drug or other substance to reach the maximum concentration Cmax
B:The time required to reach half of Cmax by oral administration is different from the time required for half of Cmax intravenously
C:T half （T1/2）of a drug refers to the time required for the plasma concentration of the drug to drop by half
D:AUC refers to Area under the curve (pharmacokinetics), regarding plasma drug concentration-time curves
答案:
The time required to reach half of Cmax by oral administration is different from the time required for half of Cmax intravenously

4、

The main factors affecting drug absorption are (     )

A:The first pass effect 
B:pH value
C:Blood flow
D:Administration route
答案:
The first pass effect 
pH value
Blood flow
Administration route

5、

The bioavailability of the drug refers to （   ）

A:The fraction or percentage of a drug that reaches hepatic portal circulation
B:The relative speed of the drug absorption into the body
C:The fraction or percentage of a drug that reaches the action point
D:The fraction or percentage of a drug that reaches systemic circulation
答案:
The fraction or percentage of a drug that reaches systemic circulation

第二章 单元测试

1、

Which of the following options is wrong about the antagonist (    )

A:Antagonists are drugs that decrease or oppose the actions of another drug or endogenous ligand
B:A competitive antagonist binds to the different site as the endogenous signaling molecule, blocking its binding site at the receptor
C:Antagonist are typically classified as competitive and non-competitiv
D:Antagonist have binding affinity to receptor but they have no intrinsic activit
答案:
A competitive antagonist binds to the different site as the endogenous signaling molecule, blocking its binding site at the receptor

2、

Which of the following statements is wrong （    ）

A:The higher the therapeutic index, the safer the drug, as the risk of a toxic or lethal overdose decreas
B:The potency not only depends on the efficacy of a drug, but also on its binding affinity at the target site
C:Effective dose (ED) refers to the minimal drug amount required to achieve the maximum effect
D:The ratio of ED50 to LD50 is termed the therapeutic index and differs for each drug
答案:
The ratio of ED50 to LD50 is termed the therapeutic index and differs for each drug

3、

The therapeutic index refers to （    ）

A:LD50/ED50 
B: LD5/ED95
C: ED95/LD5
D: ED50/LD5
答案:
LD50/ED50 

4、

If a drug binds to a receptor and produces some biologic responses that mimics the response to the endogenous ligand, the drug belongs to (    ) 

A:Stimulant 
B:Inhibitor
C:Agonist 
D:Antagonist
答案:
Agonist 

5、

Which of the following statements about the receptor is correct?

A:Receptor refers to a protein that binds to a ligand and produces a measurable response
B:Receptors are polysaccharides on the cell membrane
C:The effects caused by the binding of receptors and ligands or agonists are excitatory effects
D:All drugs work by stimulating or blocking the corresponding receptors
答案:
Receptor refers to a protein that binds to a ligand and produces a measurable response

第三章 单元测试

1、

Which of the following options belongs to selective β1 blockers (   )

A:Atenolol
B:Metoprolol
C:Acebutolol
D:Labetalol
答案:
Labetalol

2、

Which of the following options are long-acting receptor agonists?

A:Salmeterol
B:Formoterol  
C:Albuterol
D:Terbutaline
答案:
Salmeterol
Formoterol  

3、

Which of the following is an anticholinesterase drug （   ）

A:Acetylcholine
B:Neostigmine
C:Carbachol
D:Pilocarpine
答案:
Neostigmine

4、

Cholinergic receptors include （    ）

A:α receptors
B:β receptors
C:Muscarinic receptors  
D:Nicotinic receptors
答案:
Muscarinic receptors  
Nicotinic receptors

5、

 Nicotinic receptors are G protein coupled receptors, and their activation will increase permeability of sodium or calcium in post ganglionic neurons or skeletal muscles, hence they are always excitatory. Is the above statement correct .

A:对
B:错
答案:
错

第四章 单元测试

1、

Which of the following antiarrhythmic drugs is cardiotoxic (    )

A:Magnesium sulfate
B:Verapamil
C:Lidocaine
D:Digoxin
答案:
Digoxin

2、

Which of the following drugs can be used for QT monitoring of hospitalized patients （    )

A:Sotalol
B:Dofetilide 
C: Ibutilide
D:Amiodarone
答案:
Sotalol
Dofetilide 

3、

Asthma and COPD are not contraindications for which of the following drugs (   )

A:Metoprolol 
B:Carvedilol
C: Pindolol
D:Labetalol
答案:
Metoprolol 

4、

The side effects of quinidine do not include which of the following options (    )

A: Diarrhea
B: lurred vision
C: Constipation
D:Tinnitus
答案:
 Constipation

5、

According to their main mechanism of action, antiarrhythmic drugs include which of the following categories (     ) 

A:Sodium channel blockers
B:β-blockers
C:Potassium channel
D:Blockers calcium channel blockers
答案:
Sodium channel blockers
β-blockers
Potassium channel
Blockers calcium channel blockers

第五章 单元测试

1、

A 40-year-old male has recently been diagnosed with hypertension due to pressure readings of 163/102 and 165/100 mm Hg. He also has diabetes that is well controlled with oral hypoglycemic medications. Which is the best initial treatment regimen for treatment of hypertension in this patient?

A:Felodipine
B:Furosemide
C:Lisinopri
D:Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide
E:Metoprolo
答案:
Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide

2、

A 48-year-old hypertensive patient has been successfully treated with a thiazide diuretic for the last 5 years. Over the last 3 months, his diastolic pressure has steadily increased, and he was started on an additional antihypertensive agent. He complains of several instances of being unable to achieve an erection and not being able to complete three sets of tennis as he once did. Which is the likely second antihypertensive medication?

A:Captopril
B:Losartan
C:Metoprolol
D:Minoxidil
E:Nifedipine
答案:
Metoprolol

3、

Which can precipitate a hypertensive crisis following abrupt cessation of therapy?

A:Clonidine
B:Diltiazem
C:Enalapril
D:Losartan
E:Hydrochlorothiazide
答案:
Clonidine

4、

Which may cause reflex tachycardia and/or postural hypotension on initial administration?

A:Atenolol
B:Hydrochlorothiazid
C:Metoprolol
D:Prazosin
E:Verapamil
答案:
Prazosin

5、

A 45-year-old man was just started on therapy for hypertension and developed a persistent, dry cough. Which is most likely responsible for this side effect?

A:Enalapril
B:Losartan
C:Nifedipin
D:Prazosin
E:Propranolol
答案:
Enalapril

第六章 单元测试

1、

BC is a 70-year-old female who is diagnosed with HFrEF. Her past medical history is significant for hypertension and atrial fibrillation. She is taking hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril, metoprolol tartrate, and warfarin. BC says she is feeling “good” and has no cough, shortness of breath, or edema. Which is the most appropriate medication change to make

A:Discontinue hydrochlorothiazide
B:Change lisinopril to losartan
C:Decrease warfarin dos
D:Change metoprolol tartrate to metoprolol succinate
答案:
Change metoprolol tartrate to metoprolol succinate

2、

How do β-blockers improve cardiac function in HF?

A:By decreasing cardiac remodeling
B:By increasing heart rate
C:By increasing renin release
D:By activating norepinephrine
答案:
By decreasing cardiac remodeling

3、

What makes losartan different from other ARBs?

A: Losartan is renally eliminated
B: Losartan has an active metabolit
C:Losartan has the shortest half-life
D:Losartan has a small volume of distribution
答案:
 Losartan has an active metabolit

4、

Which best describes the action of ACE inhibitors on the failing heart?

A:ACE inhibitors increase vascular resistance
B:ACE inhibitors decrease cardiac outpu
C:ACE inhibitors reduce preload
D:ACE inhibitors increase aldosteron
答案:
ACE inhibitors reduce preload

5、

Which drug may exacerbate HF?

A: Acetaminophen
B:Cetirizine
C:Chlorthalidone
D: Ibuprofen
答案:
 Ibuprofen

第七章 单元测试

1、

Which side effect is associated with amlodipine?

A:Bradycardia
B:Cough
C: Edema
D:QT prolongation
答案:
 Edema

2、

A 62-year-old patient with a history of asthma and vasospastic angina states that he gets chest pain both with exertion and at rest, about ten times per week. One sublingual nitroglycerin tablet always relieves his symptoms, but this medication gives him an awful headache every time he takes it. Which is the best option for improving his angina

A:Change to sublingual nitroglycerin spray
B:Add amlodipine
C:Add propranolol
D:Replace nitroglycerin with ranolazine
答案:
Add amlodipine

3、

A 72-year-old male presents to the primary care clinic complaining of chest tightness and pressure that is increasing in severity and frequency. His current medications include atenolol, lisinopril, and nitroglycerin. Which intervention is most appropriate at this time?

A:Add amlodipine
B:Initiate isosorbide mononitrate
C:Initiate ranolazine
D:Refer the patient to the nearest emergency room for evaluatio
答案:
Refer the patient to the nearest emergency room for evaluatio

4、

All of the following medications can be useful for managing stable angina in a patient with coronary artery disease except: 

A:Amlodipine
B:Atenolol
C:Immediate-release nifedipine
D:Isosorbide dinitrate
答案:
Immediate-release nifedipine

5、

What is the clinical term for angina caused by coronary vasospasm?

A:Classic angina
B:Myocardial infarction
C:Prinzmetal angina
D:Unstable angina
答案:
Prinzmetal angina

第八章 单元测试

1、

Which side effect is associated with amlodipine

A:Bradycardi
B:Cough
C:Edem
D:QT prolongation
答案:
Edem

2、

A 62-year-old patient with a history of asthma and vasospastic angina states that he gets chest pain both with exertion and at rest, about ten times per week. One sublingual nitroglycerin tablet always relieves his symptoms, but this medication gives him an awful headache every time he takes it. Which is the best option for improving his angina?

A:Change to sublingual nitroglycerin spray
B:Add amlodipine
C:Add propranolol
D:Replace nitroglycerin with ranolazine
答案:
Add amlodipine

3、

A 72-year-old male presents to the primary care clinic complaining of chest tightness and pressure that is increasing in severity and frequency. His current medications include atenolol, lisinopril, and nitroglycerin. Which intervention is most appropriate at this time?

A:Add amlodipine
B:Initiate isosorbide mononitrate
C: Initiate ranolazine
D:Refer the patient to the nearest emergency room for evaluation
答案:
Refer the patient to the nearest emergency room for evaluation

4、

All of the following medications can be useful for managing stable angina in a patient with coronary artery disease except:

A: Amlodipine
B:Atenolol
C:Immediate-release nifedipine
D:Isosorbide dinitrate
答案:
Immediate-release nifedipine

5、

What is the clinical term for angina caused by coronary vasospasm？

A: Classic angina
B:Myocardial infarction
C:Prinzmetal angina
D:Unstable angina
答案:
Prinzmetal angina

第九章 单元测试

1、

Which of the following options does not belong to the clinical application of glucocorticoids 

A:Replacement therapy for patients with Addison’s disease
B:For the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome
C:For the therapy to fuberculosis
D: For anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive therapy
答案:
For the therapy to fuberculosis

2、

Which of the following options are contraindications to glucocorticoids (     )

A:Peptic ulcer
B:Glaucoma
C:Osteoporosis
D:Diabetes
答案:
Peptic ulcer
Glaucoma
Osteoporosis
Diabetes

3、

Glucocorticoids can be administered orally, systemically or intra-articularly. Is the above statement correct 

A:对
B:错
答案:
对

4、

Which of the following options is not an adverse reaction of glucocorticoids (   )

A:Inducing aggravated infection
B: Glycosuria
C:Inducing worsening ulcers
D:Hypoglycemia
答案:
Hypoglycemia

5、

Long-term use of glucocorticoids can cause (   )

A:High blood calcium
B:Low blood potassium
C:High blood potassium
D:High blood phosphorus
答案:
Low blood potassium

第十章 单元测试

1、

Metformin is contraindicated in which of the following patients (   )

A: Hypertension  
B:Liver insufficiency
C:Gastric ulcer
D:Renal insufficiency
答案:
Renal insufficiency

2、

Which of the following hypoglycemic drugs can NOT stimulate the pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin (   )

A:Glimepiride
B:Pioglitazone
C:Nateglinide
D:Repaglinide
答案:
Pioglitazone

3、

Which of the following hypoglycemic drugs is an α-glucosidase inhibitor (    )

A:Metformin
B:Acarbose
C:Canagliflozin
D:Miglitol
答案:
Acarbose
Miglitol

4、

Which of the following options is the most serious adverse reaction of metformin （   ）

A:Lactic acidosis
B: Lethargy
C:Constipation
D:Edema
答案:
Lactic acidosis

5、

Which of the following drugs can cause weight loss in patients (    ) 

A:Exenatide
B:Liraglutide
C:Insulin Glargin
D:Insulin Lispr
答案:
Exenatide
Liraglutide

第十一章 单元测试

1、

The following drugs that can cause leukopenia are (    )

A:Carbimazole
B:Methimazole
C: Iodide 
D:Propylthiouraci
答案:
Carbimazole
Methimazole
Propylthiouraci

2、

Propylthiouracil, carbimazole and methimazole causes fetal toxicities, like fetal goiter, choanal atresia, scalp defects and aplasia cutis. Is the above statement correc

A:对
B:错
答案:
错

3、

The mechanism of action of propylthiouracil is (    )

A:Inhibit the biosynthesis of thyroxin
B:Inhibit thyroid uptake of iodine
C:Inhibit the release of thyroxine
D: Inhibit TSH secretion
答案:
Inhibit the biosynthesis of thyroxin

4、

 Which of the following antithyroid drugs is not suitable for children (   )

A:Carbimazole
B:Methimazole
C: Propylthiouracil 
D:Iodide
答案:
 Propylthiouracil 

5、

Which of the following options is not an adverse reaction of propylthiouracil (   )

A:Fetal toxicity
B: Rash
C:Joint pain
D:Hypothyroidism
答案:
Fetal toxicity

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