Green Chemistry(Sichuan University) 中国大学mooc慕课答案2024版 m81860

6th Week. Chapter 2 Green Chemistry 6th Week. Chapter 2 – Unit Test

1、 One of the research area in Green Chemistry is to use renewable feedstocks for chemical production. Which could be used as feedstocks for chemical production in the following resources?

A:Kitchen garbage
B:Waste cooking oil
C:Agricultural wastes
D:Microalgae
答案: Kitchen garbage;
Waste cooking oil;
Agricultural wastes;
Microalgae

2、 The reaction types involved in biomass conversion to fine chemicals and liquid fuels include:

A:Hydrolysis
B:Deoxygenation
C:Condensation
D:Hydrogenation
答案: Hydrolysis;
Deoxygenation;
Hydrogenation

3、 The energy is widely used in chemistry and chemical industry in the following aspects:

A:Accelerates the reaction rate with heat
B:The need to control reactivity through cooling
C:Pre-heating of the reaction mixture
D:Separation energy requirement
答案: Accelerates the reaction rate with heat;
The need to control reactivity through cooling;
Pre-heating of the reaction mixture;
Separation energy requirement

4、 Which typical environmental problems in the following are related to chemical industry?

A:Depletion of ozone layer
B:Photochemical smog and haze
C:Acid rain
D:Global warming
答案: Depletion of ozone layer;
Photochemical smog and haze;
Acid rain;
Global warming

5、 Several unconventional processing techniques that rely on alternative forms and sources of energy are of importance for process intensification. These alternative forms and sources of energy include:

A:Sonic
B:Microwaves
C:Solar energy
D:Photo and other radiation
答案: Sonic;
Microwaves;
Solar energy;
Photo and other radiation

6、 In some cases, the application of atomic economical reaction in chemical synthesis is not enough for eliminating the formation of wastes. These cases include:

A:The presence of parallel reaction
B:Low equilibrium conversion
C:Low product stereoselectivity
D:Difficulty in product separation
答案: The presence of parallel reaction;
Low equilibrium conversion;
Low product stereoselectivity

7、 These renewable feed-stocks are most often associated with biological and plant based starting materials, including:

A:Agricultural wastes
B:Sawdust
C:Carbon dioxide
D:Coal
答案: Agricultural wastes;
Sawdust

8、 The goal of green chemistry is to treat the environmental pollutions already generated in chemical reactions.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

9、 The atomic economical reaction is not a requisite condition (必要条件) for eliminating the formation of wastes because the low equilibrium conversion and low product selectivity in a chemical reaction will also bring about pollutions.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

10、 Renewable feedstocks are the substances that are easily regenerated within time frames that are accessible to the human lifetime, including carbon dioxide and methane.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

11、 We can control the reaction process even we cannot measure the parameters of chemical reaction.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

12、 The goal of green chemistry is to eliminate the potential of pollution before it occurs.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

13、 One of the obvious effect of catalysis to facilitate the reaction is to minimize the activation energy (energy costs), and thus reduce the reaction temperature.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

14、 Traditional pollution treatment can provide a permanent cure.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

15、 Chemical reaction with 100% atom utilization has two characteristics. The reactants could be fully utilized, and the resource could be most possibly used economically. The waste could be minimized.

A:正确

B:错误

答案: 正确

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10 th Week. Chapter 3 Designing Safer Chemicals 10th Week. Chapter 3- Unit Test

1、 Internal considerations for designing safer chemicals mean the prevention of toxic effect. They generally include approaches using molecular manipulations to reach the following purposes. 

A:To avoid indirect bio-toxicity or bio-activation;
B:To avoid direct toxicity;
C:To facilitate the uptake of chemicals by organisms;
D:To facilitate bio-detoxication.
答案: To avoid indirect bio-toxicity or bio-activation;;
To avoid direct toxicity;;
To facilitate bio-detoxication.

2、 Properties of chemicals related to their environmental distribution or dispersion include:

A:Volatility or melting point; 
B:Persistence or biodegradability;
C:Water solubility;  
D:Conversion to biologically inactive substances.
答案: Volatility or melting point; ;
Persistence or biodegradability;;
Water solubility;  ;
Conversion to biologically inactive substances.

3、 The three fundamental requirements for chemical toxicity are: 

A:Exposure; 
B:Bio-accumulation; 
C:Bio-availability; 
D:Intrinsic toxicity.
答案: Exposure; ;
Bio-availability; ;
Intrinsic toxicity.

4、 We could use QSAR equations to predict the aquatic toxicity of chemicals by transforming some important physicochemical properties of the chemicals into descriptors. These related physicochemical properties include: 

A:Octanol-water partition
coefficient (log P);
B:Water solubility;
C: Dissolution constant; 
D:Relative molecular weight.
答案: Octanol-water partition
coefficient (log P);;
Water solubility;;
 Dissolution constant; ;
Relative molecular weight.

5、 Toxicokinetics refer to the interrelationship of the following processes:

A:Absorption
B:Distribution
C:Mineralization
D:Catalysis
答案: Absorption;
Distribution

6、 How to change the property of a chemical in order to avoid its toxicity to human beings and environment?

A:To make it not to possible to enter the body; 
B:To make it easily absorbed;
C:To make it not possible to affect the biochemical and physiological processes  hazardously; 
D:To make it possible to affect the biochemical and physiological processes.
答案: To make it not to possible to enter the body; ;
To make it not possible to affect the biochemical and physiological processes  hazardously; 

7、 What are wrong in the following descriptions?

A: Pharmacophore is a structural feature that the biological response is desired in the case of drugs; 
B:Pharmacophore is a structural feature that the biological response is undesired in the case of drugs;
C:Toxicophore is a structural feature that the biological effect is undesired in the case of commercial chemicals; 
D:Toxicophore is a structural feature that the biological effect is desired in the case of commercial chemical substances.
答案: Pharmacophore is a structural feature that the biological response is undesired in the case of drugs;;
Toxicophore is a structural feature that the biological effect is desired in the case of commercial chemical substances.

8、 The concentration of a particular substance in its target organs is not necessarily the highest. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

9、 If we want to reduce the absorption of a chemical substance from the gastrointestinal tract, the lipid solubility should be designed at LogP < 5. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

10、 Electrophilic substances/metabolites react covalently with nucleophilic substituents of cellular macromolecules. The reversible covalent interaction results in a variety of toxic effects.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

11、 Chemicals with log P≤2 exhibit low toxicity, because no sufficiently water solubility to enter the cellular membranes of aquatic organisms, then they are not bioavailable. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

12、 Internal considerations for designing safer chemicals mean to prevent the toxic effect of chemicals.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

13、 The purpose of metabolism is detoxication. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

14、 Non-polar, lipid-soluble chemicals can penetrate the cellular membranes more readily, because cellular membranes have a higher lipid content. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

15、 External considerations mean the increment of exposure or accessibility of chemicals.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

13th Week. Chapter 4 Application of Designing Safer Chemicals 13th Week Chpater 4- Unit Test

1、 The following molecular features of chemicals generally do increase the resistance to aerobic(需氧) biodegradation, except:

A:Halogens and chain branching
B:Potential sites of enzymatic hydrolysis
C:Un-substituted linear alkyl chains
D:Heterocyclic residues
答案: Potential sites of enzymatic hydrolysis;
Un-substituted linear alkyl chains

2、 The possible effects of the solubility of chemicals on biodegradability are as follows:

A:Bio-activation
B:Rate of solubilization
C:Enzymatic hydrolysis
D:Microbial bioavailability
答案: Rate of solubilization;
Microbial bioavailability

3、 Which group of metals in the following should we avoid using when we are designing metalized acid dyes (金属化酸性染料).

A:Al, Cr, or Co
B:Al, Cr, or Zn
C:Cr, Co, or Zn
D:Fe, Cu, or Zn
答案: Al, Cr, or Co;
Al, Cr, or Zn;
Cr, Co, or Zn

4、 Biodegradability of chemicals is usually enhanced by the following molecular features:

A:Un-substituted linear alkyl and phenyl rings
B:Heterocyclic residues
C:Oxygen in the form of hydroxyl or carboxylic groups
D:Halogens
答案: Un-substituted linear alkyl and phenyl rings;
Oxygen in the form of hydroxyl or carboxylic groups

5、 For delocalized cationic dyes containing N, the toxicity comparison should be:

A:Primary N > Secondary N > Tertiary N
B:Primary N < Secondary N < Tertiary N
C:The more substituents on N atom there are, the more acute the toxicity is
D:The more substituents on N atom there are, the less acute the toxicity is
答案: Primary N < Secondary N < Tertiary N;
The more substituents on N atom there are, the more acute the toxicity is

6、 Principles for designing safer dye chemicals to aquatic species include:

A:The number of anions should be less than that of cations
B:Sulfonic group (磺酸基) is better than carboxylic group (羧酸基)
C:Molecular weight should be larger than 1000 Daltons
D:To decrease the diameter of the molecule
答案: Sulfonic group (磺酸基) is better than carboxylic group (羧酸基);
Molecular weight should be larger than 1000 Daltons

7、 Classification of surfactants includes:

A:Cationic surfactants
B:Anionic surfactants
C:Neutral surfactants 
D:Amphoteric surfactants
答案: Cationic surfactants;
Anionic surfactants;
Neutral surfactants ;
Amphoteric surfactants

8、 If we compare the molecule A () with another molecule B (), the molecule A shows higher toxicity than the molecule B.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

9、 Muscarinic antagonistis  is a silane analog of neopentyl carbamate , the former is more biodegradable than the latter. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

10、 For very insoluble chemicals, the replacement of a given functional group that increases solubility may reduce the biodegradability.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

11、 If O has been inserted into the structure during molecular design, the biodegradability of a chemical will be enhanced. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

12、 DDD is a silane analog of DDT  (organochlorine pesticide ), the former is more biodegradable than the latter.  

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

13、 The eventual mineralization of organic compounds can be attributed predominantly to the biodegradation by higher organisms. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

14、 The majority of chemicals that are toxic to aquatic species are toxic by specific toxicity.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

15、 The introduction of O is particularly important for biodegradation, because the 1st step of biodegradation is some kind of oxidation reaction which is almost always the rate limiting step.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

16th Week Chapter 5 Techniques in Green Chemistry 16th Week Chpater 5- Unit Test

1、 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are frequently used as solvents in chemical reactions, which will lead to potential harmfulness to handlers and environments. From the viewpoints of green chemistry, which in the following could be used as new solvents instead of VOCs for chemical synthesis?

A:Water
B:Supercritical CO2
C:Tetrahydrofuran(THF)
D:Deep eutectics
答案: Water;
Supercritical CO2;
Deep eutectics

2、 We can use the following substances to replace the traditional inorganic oxidants such as CrO3, KMnO4, and HNO3 in cleaner oxidation reactions:

A:H2O2
B:Lattice oxygen
C:N2O
D:O2
答案: H2O2;
Lattice oxygen;
N2O;
O2

3、 The use of catalysts is preferred in green chemistry because of the following reasons:

A:Increase the selectivity of a special product
B:Promote the chemical processes
C:Reduce environmental pollutions
D:Activate new starting materials
答案: Increase the selectivity of a special product;
Promote the chemical processes;
Reduce environmental pollutions;
Activate new starting materials

4、 Considering the food requirement, the following biomass resources could be used as the chemical feedstocks for producing fine chemicals and liquid fuels:

A:Woody wastes
B:Microalgae
C:Wheat
D:Rice
答案: Woody wastes;
Microalgae

5、 Catalytic distillation is a kind of technique of process intensification, which combines the catalytic reaction and product separation in a single distillation column. Which equipment or techniques in the following are included in process intensification?

A:Membrane reactor
B:Static Mixers
C:Microreactors
D:Vacuum distillation
答案: Membrane reactor;
Static Mixers;
Microreactors

6、 Oxidation reactions are frequently used in petrol-refinery. To minimize the pollutions induced by inorganic oxidants, some green oxidants could be used in chemical synthesis. These green oxidants include:

A:HNO3
B:O3
C:N2O
D:lattice oxygen
答案: O3;
N2O;
lattice oxygen

7、 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are frequently used as solvents in chemical reactions, thereby leading to potential harmfulness to handlers and environments. From the viewpoints of green chemistry, which in the following could be used as new solvents instead of VOCs for chemical transformation? 

A:Ionic liquids
B:Supercritical CO2
C:Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
D:Subcritical water
答案: Ionic liquids;
Supercritical CO2;
Subcritical water

8、 Supercritical CO2 can be used as a green solvent because all of the organic, inorganic and organometallic compounds could be dissolved in it. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

9、 Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are good solvents for dissolving a wide range of organic, inorganic and organometallic compounds. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

10、 The membrane reactor is an instance for process intensification, which combines the functions of chemical reaction and separation into a single reactor.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

11、 In some cases, the use of catalysts can eliminate the use of toxic reaction media in chemical synthesis.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

12、 Catalysts can improve the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure and energy consuming, and eliminate the usage of toxic reaction medium.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

13、 Ionic liquids can be used as green solvents because they exhibit high solubility to a wide of organic, inorganic and organometallic compounds, are flammable and have high vapor pressure. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

14、 The aqueous solubility of a chemical on biodegradability does not influence its microbial bioavailability.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

作业16th Week Chapter 5 Techniques in Green Chemistry 16th Week Chapter 5 Homework 3

1、 What is process intensification? What ways can be used to realize the process intensification?
评分规则:  Refer to textbook and courseware

2、 What is the reactive catalytic distillation? Please discuss its characters.
评分规则:  Catalytic distillation reactor is a reactor that integrates reaction function and separation function. In the distillation column, the reactants are converted into products on the catalyst, and the products are continuously separated from the reaction system by fractionation. In this way, the thermodynamic equilibrium of the reaction is broken, so the amount of products can exceed the thermodynamic equilibrium conversion rate. At the same time, the energy efficiency is greatly improved by integrating reaction and separation.

10 th Week. Chapter 3 10th Week. Chapter 3- Unit Test

1、 Internal considerations for designing safer chemicals mean the prevention of toxic effect. They generally include approaches using molecular manipulations to reach the following purposes. 

A:To avoid indirect bio-toxicity or bio-activation;
B:To avoid direct toxicity;
C:To facilitate the uptake of chemicals by organisms;
D:To facilitate bio-detoxication.
答案: To avoid indirect bio-toxicity or bio-activation;;
To avoid direct toxicity;;
To facilitate bio-detoxication.

2、 Properties of chemicals related to their environmental distribution or dispersion include:

A:Volatility or melting point; 
B:Persistence or biodegradability;
C:Water solubility;  
D:Conversion to biologically inactive substances.
答案: Volatility or melting point; ;
Persistence or biodegradability;;
Water solubility;  ;
Conversion to biologically inactive substances.

3、 The three fundamental requirements for chemical toxicity are: 

A:Exposure; 
B:Bio-accumulation; 
C:Bio-availability; 
D:Intrinsic toxicity.
答案: Exposure; ;
Bio-availability; ;
Intrinsic toxicity.

4、 We could use QSAR equations to predict the aquatic toxicity of chemicals by transforming some important physicochemical properties of the chemicals into descriptors. These related physicochemical properties include: 

A:Octanol-water partition
coefficient (log P);
B:Water solubility;
C: Dissolution constant; 
D:Relative molecular weight.
答案: Octanol-water partition
coefficient (log P);;
Water solubility;;
 Dissolution constant; ;
Relative molecular weight.

5、 Toxicokinetics refer to the interrelationship of the following processes:

A:Absorption
B:Distribution
C:Mineralization
D:Catalysis
答案: Absorption;
Distribution

6、 How to change the property of a chemical in order to avoid its toxicity to human beings and environment?

A:To make it not to possible to enter the body; 
B:To make it easily absorbed;
C:To make it not possible to affect the biochemical and physiological processes  hazardously; 
D:To make it possible to affect the biochemical and physiological processes.
答案: To make it not to possible to enter the body; ;
To make it not possible to affect the biochemical and physiological processes  hazardously; 

7、 What are wrong in the following descriptions?

A: Pharmacophore is a structural feature that the biological response is desired in the case of drugs; 
B:Pharmacophore is a structural feature that the biological response is undesired in the case of drugs;
C:Toxicophore is a structural feature that the biological effect is undesired in the case of commercial chemicals; 
D:Toxicophore is a structural feature that the biological effect is desired in the case of commercial chemical substances.
答案: Pharmacophore is a structural feature that the biological response is undesired in the case of drugs;;
Toxicophore is a structural feature that the biological effect is desired in the case of commercial chemical substances.

8、 The concentration of a particular substance in its target organs is not necessarily the highest. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

9、 If we want to reduce the absorption of a chemical substance from the gastrointestinal tract, the lipid solubility should be designed at LogP < 5. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

10、 Electrophilic substances/metabolites react covalently with nucleophilic substituents of cellular macromolecules. The reversible covalent interaction results in a variety of toxic effects.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

11、 Chemicals with log P≤2 exhibit low toxicity, because no sufficiently water solubility to enter the cellular membranes of aquatic organisms, then they are not bioavailable. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

12、 Internal considerations for designing safer chemicals mean to prevent the toxic effect of chemicals.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

13、 The purpose of metabolism is detoxication. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 正确

14、 Non-polar, lipid-soluble chemicals can penetrate the cellular membranes more readily, because cellular membranes have a higher lipid content. 

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

15、 External considerations mean the increment of exposure or accessibility of chemicals.

A:正确
B:错误
答案: 错误

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